1. ANAL THROMBOSIS

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Anal thrombosis refers to a blood clot in the outer blood vessels of the anus. To the untrained eye it may look like haemorrhoids, but it is not the same disease. First signs and symptoms include the formation of a series of blue-red painful knots at the outer rim of the anus. It is caused by long and extended sitting, heightened pressure during bowel movement (e.g. hard stool, too much alcohol). Anal thrombosis normally disappears on its own if during time one uses only clear water for cleaning and no toilet paper. In the early stages, or in less severe cases, anal thrombosis can be treated with special ointments and suppositories. Additionally, nose drops may help to relieve the swelling. Also drinking a lot of water can soften the stool. But in emergency cases the thrombosis has to be cut open by a specialist who will remove the blood clots surgically.

2. GENITAL WARTS

Around the Anus

On a female

On a male

Mostly warts are slightly elevated or flat. Genital warts at first appear as millimetre-sized white or flesh coloured nodules on the genital organs or in the area of the anus and are very contagious. Genital warts are caused by smear infections during sexual intercourse through smallest injuries on the skin and mucous membrane. From the time of contagion till the complete formation of the warts, weeks or even months may go by without a sign. Genital warts normally have to be surgically removed. During the process the warts are either scraped out by a sharp spoon or cut off with help of a laser. In addition to that there is a prescription medicine which supports the immune system at the affected area, so that the spreading will be stopped. Also extracts from green tea leaves can be used to prevent their return.

3. FURUNCLE

via A furuncle is a deep ulcerating inflammation at the root sheath of the hair on the skin. These furuncles can appear in any area of the skin where there is hair. Furuncles in the face are the most dangerous, because through the blood vessels they can grow festering offshoots in the brain and lead to abscesses. Furuncles first appear as painful, reddened, hot and festering knots and then empty themselves within a few days, often leaving scars long after their first appearance. Causes for furuncles can be skin disorders, ulcerating disorders of other organs, alcoholism, a weak immune defence system, Diabetes, chafing clothing or lack of disinfection after shaving. At the beginning of the inflammation the process can be accelerated through infrared- or shortwave radiation. And if pus has already been formed, it must be drained through an incision into the knot. Afterwards a prescription of antibiotics follows.

4. SCABIES

Scabies Mite under microscope

Scabies is a skin disorder, which is triggered by parasites and leads to constant persistent itching which is very uncomfortable. Mainly fingers, wrist, bottom, genitals, elbows, armpits, knees, joints and feet are affected by this. Persons suffering from scabies often hurt themselves because of the urgent need to scratch their skin. Early symptoms include blisters, pimples, scabs and furuncles. Scabies is caused by the scabies mite that drills itself into the skin of birds and mammals and lays its eggs there. It is their discharges that cause the blisters and pimples. Scabies is transmitted from person to person through long and enduring contact. This disease can be treated with an ointment containing 5 % of Permethrin which is made out of chrysanthemum blossoms and normally kills the scabies mites during the first application, so the sometimes very painful and strongly burning treatment doesn’t have to be repeated again.

5. TAPEWORMS

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Tapeworms are parasites that live in the intestines of e.g. human beings. The most dangerous of them is the fox tapeworm, which, if not properly identified in time, can lead to a painful death. The infection of a tapeworm can be without any signs or symptoms for years. The parasite creates cavities in the affected organs like e.g. the liver which can grow to the size a baby’s head.

An infection can be caused if a human comes into contact with excrements of foxes, since the worm usually lives in their intestines. Until the disease breaks out it can take up to ten years.

If the larvae are spotted in an early stage they can be removed surgically. Since this is normally not the case, the spreading of the parasite can only be stopped through years and years of medicine whose side-effects are almost as strong as those of chemotherapy.

6. SYPHILIS

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease which is caused by bacteria. In its early stages reddened ulcers appear in the infected area (penis, labia or even mouth and throat if it was caused during oral intercourse) which discharge a colourless liquid and causes the lymph nodes to swell. Stage two includes skin rashes, formation of red stains all over the body, sometimes loss of hair and fever. In its third and final stages brain and spinal cord tissue rapidly disintegrate, bones are damaged and permanent damage of organs is possible.
Syphilis is generally transmitted through the mucous membrane during sexual intercourse but even an infected mother can transmit this disease to her child while giving birth. Syphilis can be treated by taking antibiotics. Within the first and second stage it can be healed but after reaching the third stage permanent damage is most common. Use of condoms can prevent Syphilis.

7. GONORRHEA

Gonorrhea, commonly referred to as clap, is an infectious diseased caused by the Gonococci bacteria and one of the most frequently sexually transmitted diseases. Until the disease fully breaks out, two to eight days can go by. Men suffer from itching of the genitals, ulcerating discharges and a burning sensation while urinating. With women, in addition to the festering discharges, the whole cervix is in danger of becoming infected. The bacteria are normally transmitted during sexual intercourse, and if there was oral or anal intercourse they may even spread to the throat or rectal passage.

Gonorrhea can be treated by the prolonged intake of antibiotics. It is also to be noted that both sexual partners have to be treated in order to prevent a so called “ping-pong” effect, in which each of the two infects the other before the disease can heal and disappear completely.

8. PUBLIC LICE

Genital hair

Public lice generally appear in pubic hair but it is not completely impossible that they might nestle in other hair as well. These lice feed on blood and are only found on human and gorilla bodies. First signs include severe itching and a blue staining of the affected skin area. Public lice thrive in unsanitary conditions and are commonly transmitted during sexual intercourse. In the course of treatment, both pubic and armpit hair have to be shaved off completely, all facial hair has to be removed and the rest of the hair must be intensely scrutinized. Lice can also be removed individually by the use of forceps. All clothing has to be washed and dried under high temperature. To prevent an infection of public lice, the genitals should be washed daily with warm water. In addition to that, a regular shaving of the genital is supposed to help, too.

9. VAGINAL MYCOSIS

No Vaginal, only Mycosis

Vaginal mycosis (or yeast infection) is one of the most common genital infections. First signs and symptoms include a strong vaginal itching, burning, reddening, swelling and pain during urination or sexual intercourse. On the inner sides of the vagina there is a sticky discharge, the skin below is reddened, swollen and bleeding lightly. Vaginal mycosis can be caused by a weakened immune defence system, changes in the hormonal environment during pregnancy, stress, or certain medicines. It is generally treated by using suppositories, vaginal tablets or crèmes which restore the environment of the mucous membrane within one to two weeks. During the treatment process one should abstain completely from sexual intercourse. To prevent this infection in the first place it is also recommended not to wear skin-tight clothing and synthetic underwear. In addition to that the use of vaginal lotions should be limited or completely avoided.

10. SMOKER’S LEG

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Smoker’s Leg or peripheral artery disease is an obstruction of large arteries, mostly in the legs. Typically it leads to a lack of blood supply and because many patients additionally suffer from changes at the coronary arteries of the heart, most die from heart attack.

Signs of this disease are great pains while putting pressure on the legs, numbness in the bottom and in the thighs or lower legs, feet and toes lose feeling and become cold. This condition is mostly caused by heavy smoking. In order to treat this, smoking has to be stopped. In later stages there are certain medications which improve the liquidity of the blood. The obstructed part of the arteries also can be stretched by force. Alternatively the obstruction must be scraped out. If the lack of blood supply is too strong, there is no other option than to amputate the leg.